Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder that results from a variety of genetic, psychosocial, and environment factors.
1 Over the last 20 years, there has been considerable progress in efforts to reduce the enormous alcohol related costs to society, such as traffic accidents in which the driver is intoxicated, and to set boundaries for injudicious alcohol use. These socio-cultural changes have probably been successful in lowering the prevalence of alcohol abuse but the prevalence of alcohol dependence seems to have been less affected.
Treating alcohol dependence usually consists of two phases: detoxification and rehabilitation. The initial detoxification stage deals with acute withdrawal symptoms. The later rehabilitation stage attempts to prevent relapse and develops a lifestyle compatible with long-term abstinence. Whereas detoxification is widely accepted as a pharmacotherapeutic domain, rehabilitation, in clinical practice, has traditionally involved psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions consisting of individual and group psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral treatments, and self-directed groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
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